Types of Large Commercial Vehicles
Semi-Truck | 18-Wheeler | Tráiler | Rastra
Looks like: Front cab pulling a long trailer (box, flat, or tank); may be cab only (“bobtail”).
Names: big rig, semi, freight truck · traila, cabezal, mula, camionón
Ask: Trailer attached? Trailer Logo? Company name or USDOT number?
Mixer Truck | Revolvedora
Looks like: Heavy truck with large rotating drum and rear chute.
Names: cement truck, concrete truck · trompo, olla, camión de cemento
Ask: Was the drum spinning? Did concrete or gravel spill?
Dump Truck | Volteo
Looks like: Tall-sided open steel bed that tilts up; hauls dirt, gravel, sand.
Names: gravel truck, dirt truck, “rocks came off” · volteo, góndola, camión de tierra
Ask: Load covered? Did rocks fly off? Was the bed raised?
Flatbed with Exposed Cargo | Camión de plataforma
Looks like: Open deck, no sides; pipe, lumber, or steel held by chains, straps, or tarps.
Names: flatbed, lowboy, “stuff fell off” · plataforma, cama baja, “llevaba tubos/fierros”
Ask: What was the cargo? Was it secured? Did it shift or fall?
Liquid Tanker | Pipa / Camión cisterna
Looks like: Round or oval silver tank; often a diamond-shaped hazmat sign.
Name: gas truck, fuel truck, water truck · pipa, tanque, tanquero
Ask: Any leak, spill, or smell? See a diamond sign?
Box Truck | Camión de caja
Looks like: Mid-size truck with enclosed cargo box on same frame; roll-up rear door.
Names: moving truck, U-Haul, delivery truck · camión de mudanza, caja seca, torton, rabón
Ask: Rental company or business name on the box?
Bucket Lift / Utility Truck | Camión canastilla
Looks like: Hydraulic arm with worker basket; side tool boxes, amber lights.
Names: cherry picker, lineman’s truck, electric/cable truck · camión de la luz, grúa, camión con brazo
Ask: Was the arm raised? Parked at a work site?
Delivery Van | Camioneta de reparto
Looks like: Tall boxy van with sliding door and logo (UPS brown, Amazon blue, FedEx/USPS white).
Names: Amazon van, UPS truck, mail truck · van de reparto, “la troca café,” carro del correo
Ask: Which company? Driver in uniform? Making a delivery?